Virtual reality (VR) is a computer technology that simulates 3D environments. It lets users interact with virtual worlds through different devices. Virtual reality can be experienced on mobile devices and virtual reality rooms that are head-mounted displays or virtual reality goggles. VR can also allow users to manipulate 3D models of human bodies and physical environment by engaging in first-person interaction with these models, referred to as avatars.
In 1968, Ivan Sutherland created a functional head-mounted display system at Harvard University (figure 1-17). The system was comprised of miniature cathode-ray tube that created stereoscopic images of each eye, and ultrasonic and mechanical trackers that allow users to move around within a digital world. The VR technology platform was developed due to advances in computer graphics and computer processing. Oxford Medical Systems (the predecessor to Vicon Motion Systems) develops the first commercial Motion Capture (MoCap), system in 1984. Silicon Graphics, Inc. developed the VLSI Graphics Engine which is a computer with high-speed capabilities used by many VR facilities.
VR has been found to improve knowledge and skills in health professions education when compared with more inactive digital learning techniques, but it is not certain if these effects translate to patient-related outcomes. VR has also been found to reduce stress in both health professionals and patients. Nijland et al found that ICU nurses who used VR for relaxation during their sega genesis mini hack review break time experienced lower stress levels than nurses not using VR. However it is important to be aware that the duration of the VR application may cause overstimulation and cybersickness in some patients.